「SQL雜記」修訂間的差異
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{{Nav|程式語言、邏輯學}} | {{Nav|程式語言、邏輯學}} | ||
==SQL Pocket Guide的一些記錄== | ==SQL Pocket Guide的一些記錄== | ||
==== | ===Ch1-Ch4=== | ||
*SQL分成: | |||
**Microsoft SQL | |||
**MySQL | |||
**Oracle Database | |||
**PostgreSQL | |||
**SQLite | |||
*另有ANSI SQL這個標準 | |||
Select * from 表格名稱; | |||
select... comment | |||
from .. | |||
where... | |||
having... | |||
group by | |||
口訣:sweaty feet wll give hirroble odors | |||
執行順序: | |||
# from 取得所有資料 | |||
#where 過濾資料 | |||
#group by 組群於類間 | |||
#having 過濾群 | |||
#select 選擇欄 | |||
#order by 排序結果 | |||
欄位、foreign key(FK)、一對多、一對一等、primary key (PK) | |||
有些程式語言提供library操作SQL資料庫 | |||
資料庫瀏覽 | |||
* DBBrowser for sqlite | |||
* pgadmin | |||
CREATE DATABASE my_db; 建立資料庫 | |||
連結既有資料庫: | |||
* host | |||
* port | |||
* database | |||
* username | |||
* password | |||
帳密和程式碼要分開儲放。 | |||
*函數、identifier、alias | |||
*句子sentence、子句clause | |||
select database.table.id from database.table altername | |||
select id, ... , (select avg(population) from county ) as average.pop ... #子查詢subquery | |||
如果子查詢和外部表格欄位關聯,則應用join,以提升效能。 | |||
select id, name from 學生清單; | |||
select * from student; | |||
select name, round(age * 0.9) from student; | |||
select name, age as foo from tab.col 點號.避免重名 | |||
select o.id, o.name, | |||
count(o.is) as num_waterfalls, | |||
from owner o left join waterfalls w, o 為別名 | |||
on o.id = w.owner_id | |||
group by o.id, o.name | |||
select all x,y from ... where... | |||
select distinct o.type ... 不重複資料 | |||
select count(distinct tyoe)as unique | |||
with o as (SUBQUERY) select ... from ... | |||
為什麼使用subquery? | |||
# 分析子問題 | |||
# 提升速度 | |||
select x from y limit 10; | |||
使用predicate謂詞 | |||
where name not like "%fall%" | |||
owner.id is null | |||
owner.id in (select ...) | |||
having : aggeration聚合的過濾 | |||
having 要搭配group by | |||
例如 having count(*) = 6; | |||
where vs having | |||
where:過濾列 | |||
having:過濾having的集合 | |||
order by x DESC = order by x 遞增排序 | |||
order by x ASC 排序遞減 | |||
不能用於subquery | |||
limit 10 出現多少的資料。SQLite、MySQL、etc. | |||
group by t.name; 重複的會消除,將資料以AAA BBB CCCC排列 | |||
=== Ch5. 增刪更檔案=== | |||
*下列語法以PostgreSQL為準 | *下列語法以PostgreSQL為準 | ||
*database object 是存資料的資料庫物件 | *database object 是存資料的資料庫物件 | ||
行 16: | 行 123: | ||
<pre>drop database my_db;</pre> | <pre>drop database my_db;</pre> | ||
== 匯出 Firefox 瀏覽紀錄 == | ==匯出 Firefox 瀏覽紀錄== | ||
開啟 profile 設定檔的資料夾,先 <code>sqlite3 places.sqlite</code>,進入 sqlite 命令模式: | 開啟 profile 設定檔的資料夾,先 <code>sqlite3 places.sqlite</code>,進入 sqlite 命令模式: | ||
行 30: | 行 137: | ||
導出到 <code>selected_data.csv</code>。<ref>[https://deeplearning.lipingyang.org/export-sqlite-database-to-a-csv-file-using-sqlite3-command-line-tool-ubuntu-16-04/ Export SQLite Database to a CSV file using sqlite3 command line tool (Ubuntu 16.04) - Deep Learning Garden]</ref><ref>[https://github.com/Stefan-Heimersheim/browser_tools Stefan-Heimersheim/browser_tools - Github]</ref> | 導出到 <code>selected_data.csv</code>。<ref>[https://deeplearning.lipingyang.org/export-sqlite-database-to-a-csv-file-using-sqlite3-command-line-tool-ubuntu-16-04/ Export SQLite Database to a CSV file using sqlite3 command line tool (Ubuntu 16.04) - Deep Learning Garden]</ref><ref>[https://github.com/Stefan-Heimersheim/browser_tools Stefan-Heimersheim/browser_tools - Github]</ref> | ||
== 引用 == | ==引用== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[category:資訊]] | [[category:資訊]] |
於 2023年12月31日 (日) 23:55 的最新修訂
SQL Pocket Guide的一些記錄
Ch1-Ch4
- SQL分成:
- Microsoft SQL
- MySQL
- Oracle Database
- PostgreSQL
- SQLite
- 另有ANSI SQL這個標準
Select * from 表格名稱; select... comment from .. where... having... group by
口訣:sweaty feet wll give hirroble odors
執行順序:
- from 取得所有資料
- where 過濾資料
- group by 組群於類間
- having 過濾群
- select 選擇欄
- order by 排序結果
欄位、foreign key(FK)、一對多、一對一等、primary key (PK)
有些程式語言提供library操作SQL資料庫
資料庫瀏覽
- DBBrowser for sqlite
- pgadmin
CREATE DATABASE my_db; 建立資料庫
連結既有資料庫:
- host
- port
- database
- username
- password
帳密和程式碼要分開儲放。
- 函數、identifier、alias
- 句子sentence、子句clause
select database.table.id from database.table altername
select id, ... , (select avg(population) from county ) as average.pop ... #子查詢subquery
如果子查詢和外部表格欄位關聯,則應用join,以提升效能。
select id, name from 學生清單; select * from student; select name, round(age * 0.9) from student; select name, age as foo from tab.col 點號.避免重名
select o.id, o.name, count(o.is) as num_waterfalls, from owner o left join waterfalls w, o 為別名 on o.id = w.owner_id group by o.id, o.name
select all x,y from ... where...
select distinct o.type ... 不重複資料
select count(distinct tyoe)as unique
with o as (SUBQUERY) select ... from ...
為什麼使用subquery?
- 分析子問題
- 提升速度
select x from y limit 10;
使用predicate謂詞
where name not like "%fall%" owner.id is null owner.id in (select ...)
having : aggeration聚合的過濾 having 要搭配group by
例如 having count(*) = 6;
where vs having
where:過濾列 having:過濾having的集合
order by x DESC = order by x 遞增排序 order by x ASC 排序遞減 不能用於subquery
limit 10 出現多少的資料。SQLite、MySQL、etc. group by t.name; 重複的會消除,將資料以AAA BBB CCCC排列
Ch5. 增刪更檔案
- 下列語法以PostgreSQL為準
- database object 是存資料的資料庫物件
- datamodel是綱要,schema是其實作
- 檢視現有資料庫
\l
- 檢視目前使用之資料庫:
select current_database;
- 刪除資料庫
drop database my_db;
匯出 Firefox 瀏覽紀錄
開啟 profile 設定檔的資料夾,先 sqlite3 places.sqlite
,進入 sqlite 命令模式:
輸入:
sqlite> .headers on sqlite> .mode csv sqlite> .output selected_data.csv sqlite> SELECT datetime(moz_historyvisits.visit_date/1000000,'unixepoch'), moz_places.url, moz_places.title FROM moz_places, moz_historyvisits WHERE moz_places.id = moz_historyvisits.place_id ; sqlite> .quit